There was no established precedent for what they confronted. Francis Henry Taylor, director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, took their concerns to Washington, D.C. Their efforts ultimately led to the establishment by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt of the “American Commission for the Protection and Salvage of Artistic and Historic Monuments in War Areas” on June 23, 1943. The group of about 400 servicemembers and civilians worked with military forces to safeguard historic and cultural monuments from war damage, and as the conflict came to a close, to find and return works of art and other items of cultural importance that had been stolen by the Nazis or hidden for safekeeping. War Department Pamphlet Nr. Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 22. Marko Jelusić: Ein Zufluchtsort für weltbekannte Kunst. Paul J. Sachs’ famous “Museum Course” at Harvard educated dozens of future museum personnel in the decades preceding World War II. Largely art historians and museum personnel, they had formative roles in the growth of many of the United States’ greatest cultural institutions, including the National Gallery of Art, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and the New York City Ballet, as well as in museums and other institutions in Europe. Call of Duty: WWII The Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives program (MFAA) was a group established in 1943 to help protect cultural property in war areas during and after World War II. Zone in Germany: Munich and Wiesbaden. Carlotta Coccoli, “Repertorio dei fondi dell’Archivio Centrale dello Stato relativi alla tutela dei monumenti italiani dalle offese belliche nella seconda guerra mondiale“ in Gian Paolo Treccani (a cura di), Monumenti alla guerra. Neben schützenswerten Gebäuden und Denkmalen waren die Sammlungen der europäischen Museen, Bibliotheken, Archive und Kirchen betroffen. 111-134. Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter 65 (2011). Museum collections stored at, 2009 honorary Doctor of Fine Arts, by MassArt, Marta M. Boi, Guerra e beni culturali, Giardini editore (Pisa,1986). Ihre Rolle war allerdings oft in zweifelhafter Weise mit Kunstraubaktivitäten verbunden gewesen oder hatte lediglich als propagandistisches Feigenblatt gedient, um die tatsächlichen Kriegsschäden an Kulturgut zu beschönigen. These “monuments men” were part of the military’s Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives (MFAA) program. This display describes the creation of the government commission that instigated and supported the MFAA and explores the experiences of a few of the real-life monuments men. Major Hank Rideau Die Monuments Men Foundation for the Preservation of Art ist eine Stiftung zur Erinnerung an die Menschen, die während und nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg als „Monuments Men“ in der Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives Section gedient haben. Call of Duty Wiki is a FANDOM Games Community. Da bei den meisten dieser Auslagerungsstätten eine dauerhafte Unterbringung der eingelagerten Gegenstände nicht förderlich war, trugen die amerikanischen Besatzer die von ihnen gefundenen Kunstwerke in sogenannten „Central Collecting Points“ zusammen, die – neben einigen kleineren CCPs – in erster Linie in München, Wiesbaden, Marburg und Offenbach eingerichtet wurden. They worked in the field under the Operations Branch of SHAEF (Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force, Europe, commanded by Eisenhower), and were actively involved in battle preparations. These men and women worked to protect the cultural treasures of Europe and to return them to their rightful owners at the end of the war. Other MFAA personnel became founders, presidents, and members of cultural institutions such as the New York City Ballet, the American Association of Museums, the American Association of Museum Directors, the Archaeological Institute of America, the Society of Architectural Historians, the American Society of Landscape Architects, and the National Endowment for the Humanities and the National Endowment for the Arts, as well as respected artists, architects, musicians, and archivists. In den Vereinigten Staaten wird heute die Geschichte dieser Militäreinheit durch Robert M. Edsel und seine Stiftung erforscht. Anne-Marie O'Connor (2012). In Italy, museum officials had evacuated their holdings to various countryside locations such as the Tuscan villa of Montegufoni, which housed some of the Florentine collections. Bad Wildungen als Bergungsdepot für das Landesmuseum und das Kestner-Museum Hannover während des Zweiten Weltkrieges. Für ihre Arbeit hatte sich die MFA&A drei Ziele gesetzt: Kulturgüterschutz, Restitution und Aufbau der Museumslandschaft. Soviet forces also made discoveries, such as treasures from the extraordinary Dresden Transport Museum. Juni 2014 wurde die Einheit mit der. Monuments Men oversaw the safeguarding, cataloguing, removal and packing of all works from these repositories, regardless of their origin. Frequently entering liberated towns and cities ahead of ground troops, Monuments Men worked quickly to assess damage and make temporary repairs before moving on with Allied Armies as they conquered Nazi territory. Many major museums employed one or more MFAA officers before or after the war, including the National Gallery of Art, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Museum of Modern Art, the Toledo Museum of Art, and the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art. Città, danni bellici e ricostruzione nel secondo dopoguerra, Milano, Franco Angeli Storia Urbana, pp. Headquartered at the National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C., the Commission drew up lists of and reports on European cultural treasures and provided them to military units, in hopes that these monuments would be protected whenever possible. [2] American and Allied Forces in Europe discovered hidden caches of priceless treasures, many of which had been looted by Adolf Hitler and the Nazis, while others had been legitimately evacuated from German museums for safekeeping. Commonly referred to as the Roberts Commission after its chairman, Supreme Court Justice Owen J. Roberts, the group was charged with promoting the preservation of cultural properties in war areas, including the European, Mediterranean, and Far Eastern Theaters of Operations, providing that this mission did not interfere with military operations. Stout was the Chief of the Division from about August 1945 until the middle of 1946. [6], Sony Pictures and 20th Century Fox are planning a film, Monuments Men, starring George Clooney and Cate Blanchett.[8]. Call of Duty: Modern Warfare: Reflex Edition, Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2: Force Recon, Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives Program, Polish Independent Carpathian Rifle Brigade, https://callofduty.fandom.com/wiki/Monuments,_Fine_Arts,_and_Archives_Program?oldid=2441757. S. Lane Faison's passion for art history was passed on to hundreds of students and future museum leaders at Williams College in the 1960s and 1970s, some of whom are currently directors at major United States museums. World War II Michael J. Kurtz, America and the Return of Nazi Contraband (Cambridge, 2006). Monuments Men waren u. a. Walker Hancock, George Stout, Stefan P. Munsing, James Rorimer, Lincoln Kirstein, John Davis Skilton, Walter Farmer und Harry Ettlinger. Members of the Allied Powers Country Langdon Warner, archaeologist and curator of Oriental art at Harvard’s Fogg Museum, advised the MFAA Section in Japan from April to September 1946. Die dort tätigen Kunstschutzoffiziere wurden als Monuments Men bezeichnet. Das erste Ziel betraf im Wesentlichen die Aufgaben während des Krieges, aber auch das Zusammentragen der Kulturgüter in den CCPs. War Department Pamphlet Nr. The first shipment of artworks arriving at Wiesbaden. Lacking handbooks, resources, or supervision, this initial handful of officers relied on their museum training and overall resourcefulness to perform their tasks. Beginning in late March 1945, Allied forces began discovering these hidden repositories in what would become the “greatest treasure hunt in history.” In Germany alone, U.S forces found about 1,500 repositories that contained art and cultural objects looted from institutions and individuals across Europe, as well as German and Austrian museum collections that had been evacuated for safekeeping. Even before the U.S. entered World War II, art professionals and organizations such as the American Defense Harvard Group and the American Council of Learned Societies (ACLS) were working to identify and protect European art and monuments in harm’s way or in danger of Nazi plundering. August 2020 um 13:19 Uhr bearbeitet. B. Schloss Neuschwanstein), abgelegene Herrenhäuser und auch Scheunen ausgelagert worden. Branches Suitable locations with little damage and adequate storage space were difficult to find. The Commission helped establish the MFAA branch within the Civil Affairs and Military Government Sections of the Allied armies.

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