[9] Due to questions about electoral fraud, Territorial Governor Andrew Reeder invalidated the results in five voting districts, and a special election was held on May 22 to elect replacements. The conflict was characterized by years of electoral fraud, raids, assaults, and murders carried out in Kansas and neighboring Missouri by pro-slavery "Border Ruffians" and anti-slavery "Free-Staters". Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. Confederate States presidential election of 1861, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bleeding_Kansas&oldid=983556954, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Kansas admitted to the Union as a free state. © 1996-2020, Amazon.com, Inc. ou ses filiales. Although horrified over the violence, Republicans used the events in Kansas to their political advantage to build their base, whereas the events only widened the divide between northern and southern Democrats. La loi de 1854 Kansas-Nebraska  conduit à Bleeding Kansas car il a permis le territoire du Kansas à décider lui - même si elle serait libre ou appartenant à l’ esclave, une situation connue sous le nom la souveraineté populaire . However, the Constitution died. An anti-enslavement group led by John Brown killed five men associated with the Franklin County Court in a pro-enslavement settlement by Pottawatomie Creek. Nevertheless, following the commencement of the American Civil War in 1861, additional guerrilla violence erupted on the border between Kansas and Missouri and would sporadically continue until the end of the war. Although not a direct cause of the Civil War, Bleeding Kansas represented a critical event in the coming of the Civil War. Veuillez renouveler votre requête plus tard. Bleeding Kansas (1854–59), small civil war fought between proslavery and antislavery advocates for control of the new territory of Kansas under the doctrine of popular sovereignty. Kansas eventually entered the Union in 1861 as a free state. The inevitable question was how these territories would treat the issue of slavery when eventually promoted to statehood. The Lecompton Constitution was the most important pro-enslavement Constitution. Le sac de Lawrence a même conduit à la violence au Congrès. With this split between a pro-slavery government and an anti-slavery government it was only a matter of time before violent clashes broke out. A theme of the heritage area is the enduring struggle for freedom. Took a long time to get into, Commenté au Royaume-Uni le 2 octobre 2017. Consequently, free state and slave state proponents rushed to Kansas to try to stake their claim in their efforts to either legalize or prohibit slavery there. The decision by Douglas County Sheriff Samuel J. Jones to arrest another Free-Stater rather than Coleman and the prisoner's subsequent rescue by a Free-State posse erupted into a conflict that pitted, for the first time, armed pro-slavery settlers against anti-slavery settlers. Pro-slavery factions thereby captured many early territorial elections, often by fraud and intimidation. et plus de huit millions d'autres livres sont disponibles pour, Découvrez les ouvrages indispensables pour la rentrée 2020. This turbulence illustrated the beginning of the terrifying bloodshed that was to … In the so-called Battle of the Spurs, in January, 1859, John Brown led escaped slaves through a pro-slavery ambush en route to freedom via Nebraska and Iowa; not a shot was fired. Découvrez les avantages de l'application Amazon. In August 1856, thousands of pro-slavery men formed into armies and marched into Kansas. Which states does the Natchez Trace Parkway join? De chaque côté organisés en associations et des groupes de guérilla armés. Les romans policiers avec Vic Warshawski sont incisifs, haletants et l'écriture nerveuse fait partie intégrante du plaisir de la lecture. Both governments claimed to be the legitimate government of the entire territory. Instead, free-soil forces from the North formed armed emigrant associations to populate Kansas, while proslavery advocates poured over the border from Missouri. Immediately, immigrants supporting both sides of the slavery question arrived in the Kansas Territory to establish residency and gain the right to vote. The canning of Sumner and Bleeding Kansas drove many northern Know Nothings to the Republican Party, as they viewed it as the only political party actively opposing the slave power. J'ai parfois douté en le lisant qu'il s'agisse de l'auteur que je connais. Omissions? Une erreur est survenue. Congressman Preston Brooks of South Carolina attacked Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts with a cane after Sumner spoke out against Southerners responsible for violence in Kansas. It was more radical than other Free-State proposals in that it would have extended suffrage to "every male citizen", regardless of race. Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. des batailles et des guerres à travers l'histoire, Précurseur violente à la guerre civile a été menée dans le Kansas, Comment le 1854 compromis sur l'esclavage Backfired, 9 des événements de plus en plus Tense qui a conduit à la guerre de Sécession, Comprendre les 4 questions principales qui ont conduit à la guerre de Sécession. Among the first settlers of Kansas were citizens of slave states, especially Missouri, many of whom strongly supported Southern ideologies and emigrated to Kansas specifically to assist the expansion of slavery. The violence surrounding Bleeding Kansas even made its way to Washington D.C. On May 19 and 20, 1856, on the Senate floor, Senator Charles Sumner (Republican-Massachusetts) gave an impassioned yet carefully rehearsed speech entitled “the Crime Against Kansas.” In this speech, Sumner denounced popular sovereignty and described Bleeding Kansas as “the rape of a virgin territory, compelling it to the hateful embrace of slavery.” Sumner accused Senators Stephen Douglas (Democrat-Illinois) and Andrew Pickens Butler (Democrat-South Carolina) of this crime and claimed they were personally responsible for the horrific crimes perpetrated in Kansas as they co-authored the Kansas Nebraska Act. They quickly elected their own Free-State delegates to a separate legislature based in Topeka, which stood in opposition to the pro-slavery government operating in Lecompton, and drafted the first territorial constitution, the Topeka Constitution. Douglas' proposal attempted to allay these fears with the organization of two territories instead of one, as well as the inclusion of a "popular sovereignty" clause that would, like the condition previously prescribed for Utah and New Mexico, permit settlers of Kansas and Nebraska to vote on the legality of slavery in their own territories – a notion which directly contradicted and effectively repealed the Missouri Compromise. The Sack of Lawrence took place on May 21, 1856, when pro-enslavement groups ransacked Lawrence, Kansas. Sumner, cousin to the senator of the same name beaten on the Senate floor, ordered the dispersal of the Free State Legislature.[27]. A well-known examples of this violence was the massacre in May 1856 at Pottawatomie Creek where John … Please consider making a gift today to help raise the $170,000 we need to preserve this piece of American history forever. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/event/Bleeding-Kansas-United-States-history, Public Broadcasting Service - Africans in America - Bleeding Kansas, National Park Service - Fort Scott National Historic Site - Bleeding Kansas. "Watts, Dale. The fourth and final Free-State proposal was the Wyandotte Constitution, drafted in 1859, which represented the anti-slavery view of the future of Kansas. These increased demands to bend to the will of the southern wing of the party alienated many northern Democrats who wanted their politicians to act in the best interest of northerners, which further divided northern and and southern Democrats. ", On July 4, 1856, proclamations of President Pierce led to nearly 500 U.S. Army troops arriving in Topeka from Fort Leavenworth and Fort Riley. The "Bleeding Kansas" period has been dramatically rendered in countless works of American popular culture, including literature, theater, film, and television. Located directly west of Missouri, under the Missouri Compromise, slavery would be prohibited in the Kansas territory; however, the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act opened up the possibility for slavery to exist in this territory and many southerners remained committed to take advantage of this opportunity and make Kansas a slave state. As abolitionism became increasingly popular in the United States and tensions between its supporters and detractors grew, the U.S. Congress maintained a tenuous balance of political power between Northern and Southern representatives. Definition and Examples, The Compromise of 1850 Delayed the Civil War For a Decade.

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