When France mobilized in response to Germany’s declaration of war on Russia, Germany declared war France on August 4, 1914, followed by France declaring war on Austria-Hungary on August 12, 1914. The Tangier Crisis later encouraged co-operation between the two countries from their mutual fear of apparent German expansionism. [15][16] According to German historian Dirk Bönker, "To be sure, the [naval] race was decided early on; political leaders and diplomats learned to bracket it as an issue, and it did not cause the decision for war in 1914. Ewen W. Edwards, "The Far Eastern Agreements of 1907. | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Contact Us | Sitemap. For some years Italian ambitions in the Mediterranean had been thwarted, and the attempt to conquer Abyssinia in 1896 had failed. In 1907, the Anglo-Russian Entente was agreed, which attempted to resolve a series of long-running disputes over Persia, Afghanistan and Tibet and end their rivalry in Central Asia, nicknamed The Great Game. They had a eastern boarder with Germany and was the setting of were most of the first world war took place. Finally, and most critically, the defeated Russians and worried British were now willing to put to rest their old rivalry in Central Asia. [6] In the last decade of the nineteenth century, Britain continued its policy of "splendid isolation", with its primary focus on defending its massive overseas empire. The Russo-Japanese War also strengthened ties between France and Russia as French loans again rebuilt Russia’s shattered armed forces. In 1904, Britain and France signed a series of agreements, the Entente cordiale, mostly aimed toward resolving colonial disputes. All Rights Reserved. As British Foreign Office Official Eyre Crowe minuted, "The fundamental fact, of course, is that the Entente is not an alliance. "Pomp, Circumstance, and Realpolitik: The Evolution of the Triple Entente of Russia, Great Britain, and France. Russia had previously been a member of the League of the Three Emperors, an alliance in 1873 with Austria-Hungary and Germany. This alliance was established in 1873 between Kaiser Wilhelm I, Tsar Alexander II, and Franz Joseph I as a part of Otto Von Bismarcks plot to diplomatically isolate France. The mission was a failure because the Germans attempted to link a "naval holiday" with a British promise to remain neutral if Germany should become engaged in a war where "Germany could not be said to be the aggressor." France feared the power of the German Empire and the new Central European bloc that was Italy, Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Serbia and needed an ally. [17], The Entente, unlike the Triple Alliance and the Franco-Russian Alliance, was not an alliance of mutual defence and so Britain was free to make its own foreign policy decisions in 1914. This changed after Europe began dividing into opposing powers and Great Britain entered into the Entente Cordiale with France in 1904. Britain was also concerned by the growth in the German Navy and in 1904 the two countries signed the Entente Cordiale (friendly understanding). During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871, Prussia and its allies defeated the Second French Empire, resulting in the establishment of the Third Republic. In 1882 Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy formed the Triple Alliance.The three countries agreed to support each other if attacked by either France or Russia.France felt threatened by this alliance. It developed from the Franco-Russian alliance that gradually developed and was formalized in 1894, the Anglo-French Entente Cordiale of 1904, and an Anglo-Russian agreement of 1907, which brought the Triple Entente into existence. The Triple Entente was an alliance that linked France, Russia, and Britain just after signing of Anglo-Russian Entente on August 31st, 1907. The Triple Entente (from French entente [ɑ tɑ t] "agreement") was the name given to the alliance among Great Britain, France and Russia after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente in 1907. The heyday of European imperialism thus called into existence a second alliance system, the Triple Entente of France, Britain, and Russia. France developed a strong bond with Russia by ratifying the Franco-Russian Alliance, which was designed to create a strong counter to the Triple Alliance. As the war progressed, other countries joined the Entente such as Japan in 1914 and Italy in 1915 after proclaiming neutrality at the beginning of the war. ", Edward Ingram, "Great Britain's Great Game: An Introduction", Historiography of the causes of World War I, International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919), "Reinsurance Treaty - Germany-Russia [1887]", "Naval Race between Germany and Great Britain, 1898-1912", The European Unity League in the past before the war, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Triple_Entente&oldid=983256922, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Tomaszewski, Fiona. [18], Russia had also recently lost the humiliating Russo-Japanese War, a cause of the Russian Revolution of 1905 and the apparent transformation into a constitutional monarchy. For France the Triple Entente was primarily a continental security apparatus. The Triple Entente, unlike the Triple Alliance or the Franco-Russian Alliance itself, was not an alliance of mutual defence. The situation in the Balkans, especially in the wake of the 1885 Serbo-Bulgarian War and the 1878 Treaty of Berlin, which made Russia feel cheated of its gains made in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877/8, prevented the League from being renewed in 1887. The Triple Entente formed from the Franco-Russian Alliance of 1894, the Entente Cordiale of 1904, and the Anglo-Russian agreement of 1907. But to the Germans the Triple Entente looked suspiciously like encirclement designed to frustrate their rightful claims to world power and prestige. they were the leader of the Triple Entente, or the Allied Powers, if you will. Britain would be committed to helping France with its British Expeditionary Force and Royal Navy if it entered a war with Germany, as well as intervene if German entered Belgium, to whom Britain guaranteed neutrality against aggression by any other country. In 1904, France entered the Entente Cordiale with Great Britain, whose army and Royal Navy , were committed to supporting France in the event of war with Germany. Japan wanted to raise a loan in Paris, so France made the loan contingent on a Russo-Japanese agreement and a Japanese guaranty for France's strategically vulnerable possessions in Indochina. Thus was built the Triple Entente coalition that fought World War I.[1]. [4] The alliance also served to oppose such socialist movements as the First International, which the conservative rulers found unsettling. France and Britain had signed five separate agreements regarding spheres of influence in North Africa in 1904, the Entente cordiale. France was a major player in the first world war. The Franco-Japanese Treaty of 1907 was a key part of building a coalition as France took the lead in creating alliances with Japan, Russia and (informally) with Britain. Russia viewed itself as a defender of Serbia and mobilized in support of it. What were the British, dependent on imports by sea for seven-eighths of their raw materials and over half their foodstuffs, to make of German behaviour? Your email address will not be published. France. The Triple Entente was officially composed of Great Britain, Russia, and France, opposing the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. [13], Britain, traditionally having control of the seas, by 1909 saw the German navy as a serious threat to its Royal Navy. [5] In the last decade of the nineteenth century, Britain continued its policy of "splendid isolation", with its primary focus on defending its massive overseas empire. After the forced resignation of Bismarck in 1890, the young Kaiser Wilhelm set out on his imperialist course of Weltpolitik ("world politics") to increase the empire's influence in and control over the world. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. However, by the early 1900s, the German threat had increased dramatically, and Britain thought it was in need of allies. "[14] Essentially, the British reserved the right to join whatever country was attacking Germany, even if Germany did not start a war dooming the talks to failure. Towards the end of the 19th century, tensions were high in Europe after the Franco-Prussian War from 1870 to 1871. ", This page was last edited on 13 October 2020, at 05:50. The German government responded in kind, even enlarging the Kiel Canal at great expense to accommodate the larger ships. The United States, Russia, and even Italy, Germany’s erstwhile partner in the Triple Alliance, took France’s side. Germany declared war on Russia in response on August 1, 1914, followed by Austria-Hungary on August 6. On August 4, 1914, Britain declared war on Germany after Germany invaded Belgium. In 1882 Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy formed the Triple Alliance. The alliance of the three powers , supplemented by various agreements with Portugal , Japan , the United States , Brazil and Spain , constituted a powerful counterweight to the Triple Alliance of Germany , Austria-Hungary , … France was a major player in the first world war. Although it was perceived as useless during the war with Japan, the alliance was valuable in the European theatre to counteract the threat of the Triple Alliance. The impact of industrialism and imperialism, Completing the alliance systems, 1890–1907, The Balkan crises and the outbreak of war, 1907–14, Reparations, security, and the German question, The United States, Britain, and world markets, The Locarno era and the dream of disarmament, The rise of Hitler and fall of Versailles, British appeasement and American isolationism, Technology, strategy, and the outbreak of war, Strategy and diplomacy of the Grand Alliance, Peace treaties and territorial agreements, Nuclear weapons and the balance of terror, Total Cold War and the diffusion of power, 1957–72, Nixon, Kissinger, and the détente experiment, Dependence and disintegration in the global village, 1973–87, Liberalization and struggle in Communist countries, The first post-Cold War crisis: war in the Persian Gulf, Soviet unrest at home and diplomacy abroad, Assertive multilateralism in theory and practice, Tension and cooperation at the turn of the century. The alliance was made after the Anglo-Russian Entente, an agreement between Britain and Russia in 1907.

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