The Battle of Antietam was the most pivotal event of the Civil War as it erased the threat of European recognition of the Confederate States of America (CSA) and was the impetus needed for the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation. Abraham Lincoln was the commander-in-chief of the US Army which gave him the authority to make decisions that benefit the Union and keep things under control. It was then that the rebel yell erupted from a force on Burnside’s left flank. General Robert E. Lee also recognized dissent among Lincoln’s ranks and hoped a battle victory on Union land might topple Lincoln’s congressional support and help secure the Confederacy once and for all. Get access risk-free for 30 days, Starting at 9:30 a.m., the Union Ninth Corps, commanded by Major General Ambrose Burnside, began advancing against the Confederate flank. The Battle of Antietam was one of the most important events of the American Civil War. On September 13 Federal troops moved into Frederick, and members of the 27th Indiana infantry regiment recovered a copy of Lee’s Special Order 191 wrapped around a bundle of cigars. Maryland was a 'Border State' in the Civil War (a slave-holding state that stayed in the Union), and ultimately, the Confederacy wanted Maryland to secede and join their cause. The Battle of Antietam, also called the Battle of Sharpsburg, occurred on September 17, 1862, at Antietam Creek near Sharpsburg, Maryland. Central Intelligence Agency. In the military they acted as laborers, cooks, and in other auxiliary functions. What were the diplomatic consequences of the US victory in the Civil War? ), The Secret Science of Solving Crossword Puzzles, Racist Phrases to Remove From Your Mental Lexicon. The Union army also had another valuable reason that they wanted to win this war. Yet, in the last week of August, Lee's army had thoroughly defeated Pope, as well. The South had lost 10,316 troops, and the North had suffered casualties of 12,401. Just as the fighting in the now-infamous Cornfield was winding down, the Union Second Corps, commanded by Major General Edwin V. Sumner, began moving onto the field. The battle was over on the Confederate right before Burnside fired a shot, and Lee was able to shift nearly all of his troops from his southern wing to support Jackson in the north. Hoping to take advantage of the Union’s low morale and seeming ineptitude, Lee chose to push his army north across the Potomac and into Maryland where they soon occupied the town of Frederick. After the Confederates abandoned their campsite around Frederick, McClellan’s army moved in. President Abraham Lincoln used the Union victory at Antietam to make his Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, 1862. Why it was Important for the Union to Win. In fact, the South enacted an embargo on cotton so as to add to the pressure faced by the British and French governments from their unemployed citizens. Additionally, much of the war had been fought on Virginia soil thus far, and moving into Maryland would both allow Lee to feed his men from Maryland farms and harness support for the Confederate cause in that state. https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/battle-of-antietam. History, 22.06.2019 00:00, jimena15. Hill’s troops, freshly armed and resupplied from the stores at Harpers Ferry, had marched 17 miles (27 km) in just eight hours, arriving, as Hill reported, “not in a moment too soon.” In some cases, Union troops, seeing soldiers in blue uniforms, held their fire, only to realize too late that these were Hill’s men in clothing that had been taken from Harpers Ferry. {{courseNav.course.topics.length}} chapters | Abraham Lincoln sacked Pope and placed Gen. George B. McClellan in command of all Union forces in Washington. The First Battle of Cold Harbor, more commonly known as the Battle of Gaines’ Mill, was part of the Peninsula ...read more, The Battle of Chancellorsville (April 30-May 6, 1863) was a huge victory for the Confederacy and General Robert E. Lee during the Civil War, though it is also famous for being the battle in which Confederate General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson was mortally wounded. Following the defeat of Union Gen. John Pope’s Army of Virginia at the Second Battle of Bull Run, Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee crossed the Potomac and moved into Maryland, occupying Frederick on September 7. [3] By May 1862, the supply was less than a third of what the mills required and the European textile industry was facing a crisis. Secretary Seward cautioned Lincoln that if he issued a proclamation without military support in the form of a victory, it may be seen as “the last measure of an exhausted government.”[9] Seward was correct and Lincoln waited for a military victory in the East. On September 14 McClellan’s army struck the passes at South Mountain. He issued the preliminary Proclamation five days after Antietam with the stipulation that if the Confederacy did not surrender their arms and reunite with the nation before January 1, 1863, the Proclamation would become the permanent law of the land. It was one of the bloodiest battles of the American Civil War and remains the single bloodiest day in American history with over 23,000 casualties. 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After an indecisive battle in the dense Virginia woods ...read more, In October 1862, Union troops under Major General William Rosecrans (1819-98) defeated Confederate forces commanded by Major General Sterling Price (1809-67) and Major General Earl Van Dorn (1820-63) at the key railroad junction of Corinth, Mississippi. He presented it to his board and they said that he should wait for a victory in order for it to not seem like a desperate call for help and a last resort for the Union army. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. Gen. John B. War resources were overwhelmingly in favor of the North. Hill’s division had remained at Harpers Ferry, but on the morning of the 17th Hill received orders to rejoin Lee with all haste. The right wing of the position was covered by the Antietam as it approached the Potomac, and the upper course of that stream formed no part of the battlefield. The Battle of Antietam, also called the Battle of Sharpsburg, occurred on September 17, 1862, at Antietam Creek near Sharpsburg, Maryland. imaginable degree, area of Was Antietam the bloodiest battle in the Civil War? The battle was important for other reasons as well, however… The Battle of Antietam was one of the most important events of the American Civil War. President Abraham Lincoln saw the significance of this and issued the famous Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, 1862. It also led to President Abraham Lincoln issuing the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, 1862. A lively and informative new podcast for kids that the whole family will enjoy! Soon afterwards the Federal divisions of Brig. The battle’s outcome would be vital to shaping America’s future, and it remains the deadliest one-day battle in all of American military history. Even before issuing the Emancipation Proclamation, the secretary of state said that they needed a win to not look desperate(^9). Dead Confederate soldiers, with the Dunker Church in the background, after the Battle of Antietam, September 19, 1862, photograph by Alexander Gardner. A monument to the 132nd Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry Regiment standing along Bloody Lane (Sunken Road) at Antietam National Battlefield, Maryland. This further isolated the Confederacy and made it harder for them to re-supply their troops and citizens. Lee and his advisors were familiar with the resources available to the North and knew that swift action and a decisive blow afforded the CSA the best chance of victory. The Battle of Antietam was important because it stemmed the Confederate Army's advance into the northern territories, and provided an opportunity for Lincoln to deliver the Emancipation Proclamation. Once the Union force at Harpers Ferry had been neutralized, Lee proposed to reunite his army and invade Pennsylvania. Antietam on the Web. In 1862, the American Civil War was entering its second year. Further, the combined casualties of the War of 1812, the Mexican-American War, the Spanish-American War, and the Indian wars of the 19th century yielded fewer casualties. Until the summer of 1862, England was able to utilize the surplus of cotton they purchased from the exceptional crops of 1859 and 1861. Congress; however, took small steps in that direction as early as August 1861 by passing an act that allowed for the seizure of all Confederate property, including slaves. And when Lee heard a copy of Special Order 191 was missing, he knew his scattered army was vulnerable and rushed to reunite its units. The next day, another piece of the Confederate army was able to force the surrender of Harper's Ferry, and Lee began to reunite his army at Sharpsburg, Maryland, near Antietam Creek. (^8) The North needed to prevent this from happening in order for it to remain more of an equal playing field. This arduous endeavor seemed beyond the scope of McClellan and the Army of the Potomac in the eastern theater of the war. On September 17, 1862, the Army of Northern Virginia occupied a position which, in relation to the surrounding country, could be compared to the string of a bow in the act of being drawn. How did the North prevent the Diplomatic Recognition of the South during the Civil War? - History & Civil War Facts, Over 79,000 lessons in all major subjects, {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}}, Civil War Begins: Northern and Southern Advantages Compared, Key Civil War Battles in 1862: Monitor and Merrimac, Antietam, New Orleans & Shiloh, The Emancipation Proclamation: Creation, Context and Legacy, How the Civil War Affected the Economy and Everyday Life in the North and South, Civil War Turning Points: Chancellorsville, Gettysburg and Vicksburg, End of the Civil War: General Grant Begins the March Toward Richmond, Lincoln's Assassination and Lee's Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse, Middle School US History: Tutoring Solution, Biological and Biomedical Lee withdrew, regrouped, and dealt McClellan’s successor, A.E.

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