Stephen F. Corfidi, Steven J. Weiss, John S. Kain, Sarah J. Corfidi, Robert M. Rabin, and Jason J. Levit, 2010: Revisiting the 3-4 april 1974 super outbreak of tornadoes. The other utility, Indiana and Michigan, lost their high voltage transmission lines due to the tornadoes. I never take any warnings or watches for granite today! He saw debris, like small stones passing him from behind; he looked at his speedometer and it was 90 mph! Discussion Six states and four dozen counties had tornadoes within their borders. One of the airplane wings was later found near Centreville, Michigan, thirty-five miles away from Goshen, and nearly twenty-five miles beyond the end of the tornado's path! The tornado then lifted. My Grandparents decided to head home. It was not a good day for the poor observer at the South Bend weather office. After the tornado, the weather is supposed to calm down. Mr. Huffman lifted the camera to his eye and began snapping pictures as quickly as he could. Southwest winds 10 to 15 mph with gusts up to 30 mph. 47 Tornadoes (15 significant, 17 violent, and 21 killers), wrecked havoc upon the land. The tornado brushed the junior high school, and ripped apart the Lake Plaza Shopping Center. Kathy Selzer Miller: I was in Fort Wayne when the tornadoes were going on. My aunt, my mother, my brother and I went to their basement but my dad and uncle were watching the storm from the garage door (which didn't make their wives very happy.) In one neighborhood, known as Colby's Home Estates, the tornado was a quarter mile wide. An unseasonable strong low pressure system was located over western Iowa the morning of April 11, 1965 with a central pressure anomaly of ~25 mb (as compared to 1981-2010 climatology, not shown). As well as a car in same photo wrapped around tree base (two teenage boys tragically died in this car). Shortly after 10pm a tornado derailed fifty-three cars of a sixty-eight unit train in Shelby County, Ohio. We have 1, maybe 2 survivors who will be telling their stories, along with other special things for this event. The following weekend my Dad and Mom took us down to Koontz Lake Indiana and we observed approximate 150 yard wide of trees completely snapped and uprooted east of Indiana highway 23. 2013). Steuben, Branch, Hillsdale, Lenawee, Monroe, Washtenaw. Today, this area is highly commercialized with malls and hotels, and heavily populated with new subdivisions full of huge, beautiful homes. The tornado Paul Huffman was photographing must have had some sort of vendetta against sleepy Dunlap, for it was on the edge of town when the tornado developed its incredible double funnel structure. Regional Temps/Precip Of the counties that these tornadoes hit, only Hillsdale was warned for. Beach Less muggy with lows in the upper 40s. The last tornado of the Palm Sunday Outbreak occurred at 12:30 am Monday morning. At 9:20pm, the Fort Wayne office issued the following unfortunate statement: Attention WOMO Please use emergency action notification signal. He knew that meant the tornado was heading for the northwest side of Goshen, so that's where he positioned himself. Somehow I got through the night improvising as I went along to transmit the observations. This tornado was witnessed by many, including by those at the Greater Cincinnati International Airport and WSO Cincinnati, which had issued a tornado warning at 4:45 PM (in effect until 5:45 PM). Multiple locations were found. The problems have been intensified by telephones being out in many areas and it is impossible to notify many people. Drove toward Swayzee. Request for ambulance assistance has been requested from Muncie and Anderson. Although rare, these types of environment have been observed before and led to other significant tornado outbreaks in the Great Lakes region (March 28 1920, April 2 1956, April 3 1974). Furniture and appliances strewn all over the fields and trees and power lines down everywhere. A deadly winter storm blasts the East Coast -- with snow, wind, and flood warnings. Please select one of the following: Experimental Graphical Hazardous Weather Outlook, Tornado History Project Tornado Data for April 11, 1965, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The people of Wyatt, Indiana, had been watching the southwest sky grow darker and darker. East of town, the tornado narrowed to a width of about 650 feet. They groaned not because they feared another tornado, but because they didn't want to get rained on. On the west side of Highway 27 there was a stretch of three or four homes that were totally destroyedâ?¦the only thing left was the concrete slab, with perhaps a bathtub or toilet bolted to the floor. found that when lower tropospheric shear is increased for given hodographs that support OCM, a slowing or a cease in mesocyclone cycling typically can result, especially in environments that contain high values of shear. Three minutes after the tornado began near Lafayette, the most powerful tornado ever to hit northern Indiana struck ground. For the rest of my Weather Service career I worried about people living in mobile homes in the path of a tornado. The storm was within sight of both the Fort Wayne and Detroit radars, and passed about 15 miles north of the Toledo weather office. A constant stream of ambulances, fire trucks, hearses, and volunteer's cars filled the highway as they shuttled people to hospitals. Paul Huffmans's tornadoes crushed the Midway Trailer Court around 6:30pm. Ron Przybylinski We we're in Cedar crest at my Grandparents home. I don't know if that number is correct, but none of the I & M customers in Ft. Wayne had power. Soon the rain began falling nearly sideways as the wind increased. Mon. Several minutes later half-inch hail fell on Ypsilanti and Detroit. Social Media Feeds We were watching the Ed Sullivan Show with the Herman's Hermits performing and the tv signal was lost and then the power went out for 3 days. I can still see the damage that the Tornado did to Koontz Lake to this day. 1 show how the atmosphere quickly destabilized downstream of the surface cyclone over Iowa from mid morning through mid afternoon on April 11th. Spring Frost Climatology Another tornado formed a few miles southwest of the city. Surface winds were from the south and southwest approximately 15 to 25 mph maybe with gusts as high as 30 mph. While the weather was wreaking havoc in central Indiana, the storms in central Michigan continued to produce tornadoes. Fifteen weather offices had a busy Sunday as the tornadoes swept through their areas of responsibility. Significant Tornadoes, 1680-1991. It was the first part of the school to collapse when the tornado hit. The news media had been making the Crystal Lake and Dunlap tornadoes famous that evening. Area east of tracks by what is now Concord Mall, all houses, cars, clothes, mail etc spend for miles. This new tornado struck off to the northeast, devastating the Amish counrtryside of eastern Elkhart County and the northwest half of Lagrange County. The rain that had been falling began to mix with large hailstones that bounced madly on Paul's car and made a terrifying ding. John Curran: I was a GS-5 Observer/Briefer at the Fort Wayne Weather Bureau Airport Station on April 11, 1965, at the time of the infamous Palm Sunday tornado outbreak. The April 11, 1965 tornado outbreak had several key tornado producing ingredients in place, which worked synergistically to produce multiple violent and destructive tornadoes. Chance of rain 70 percent. People began screaming in their surprise and terror. He helped with rescue efforts. Linda Kay Klinedinst: Me and my younger brother was standing on our front porch along with our parents and it got really black out. One addition, I remembered that President Johnson maybe a week later toured the damage area south of South Bend and over in Elkhart county Indiana. The second, weaker tornado had fallen back to about an hour behind the first one. The multiple tornadoes skipped over us after devastating Linn Grove and the Berne Ind Area. William Lower: I was 7 and interested in weather even at this time in my life me and mom stated out for evening church at the corner of New York street and Main in Goshen or SR15 a tree fell in front of us mom verily hit it. Darlene Rowe Howard: That looks like the twin tornadoes that ran down highway 20, next day my husband and I drove there and the tornadoes wiped out several chicken farms. My Dad and Grandpa stood out in the yard keeping watch. We all made the basement with seconds to spare. Wyatt's already small population fell even further. (2005). Riding around with parents and seeing our friends house totally blown away from the ground up. As the tornado dissipated, the Fort Wayne weather office sent this product: The Weather Bureau radar at Baer Field shows the strong hook echo now just a mile or two south of Van Wert and weakening in intensity. At 4:35pm a squall line reached from near LaCrosse, Wisconsin through Rockford to Champaign Illinois. Hence, the incredibly strong ambient shear (Fig. Plaster rained down on them as mothers grabbed their children and everybody began pushing each other into the aisles. Lows in the mid 50s. There were houses hit near Wolcottville with one wall gone and stuff in the rooms looking like they were never touched. 3 April 11, 1965 12Z 500 mb Height/Theta/Isotachs (shaded), Fig. The people of Crawfordsville had been watching the sky that evening with great apprehension. we went back home and told dad what happened dad had a stomach acke and I did to this told us that the weather was going to get really bad so dad took us to church. At 1045am, the Severe Local Storms Unit, SELS, in Kansas City issued a statement concerning the possibility of tornadoes that afternoon from northeast Missouri across central Illinois to north central Indiana. Had to pull over because 75+ mph winds rocking his car and told me lighting bolts hitting ground so intense hurt his eyes put sun glasses on. Mostly clear. In fact the first reported tornado occurred in northeast Iowa at 1255 pm CST (Fig. I remember coming upstairs because I wanted to see too and when there was a huge flash of lightning I saw the shape of a tornado high in the air in the direction of Kokomo to the east and I took off back to the basement. At twenty after seven a twister came to the ground on the southeast side of town, sending everybody rushing inside to safety. In reality the storm had hit Marion around 8pm. It would be classified as an F4. At that age I couldn't really comprehend how many people died or were injured and how extensive and wide spread the damage was. She served water and food to those in need. 2005). (2000) right-moving motion method, supercell speeds were around 30 m s-1 (60 kt). Several farm buildings were destroyed along the path. I digress. At the time it was said there were 13 high voltage transmission lines that were the source for I & M's Fort Wayne customers, but they had all been severed. The Palm Sunday tornado outbreak is an example of how good can come from something bad. Highs in the mid 70s. Multiple locations were found. It continued to the northeast and hit Linn Grove, causing two more fatalities. One young man told me he was trying to outrace the tornado, I believe he may have been on highway 18 east of Marion. My cousin's Grandparents lived north of Berne Ind and their house was hit. We were coming home from church in my grandfather's Chevy Impala convertible. When my relief showed up just before 4 Pm I was urged to go home as I was due back in at midnight for a quick turnaround. 9) during the Palm Sunday event may in fact explain the multitude of long tornado cycles observed that day (1-3 hours), perhaps similar to the Tri-State tornado of March 18, 1925 (Maddox et al. Horrible. As the sky grew blacker and blacker to his southwest, Paul wondered if he had underestimated what he had gotten himself into. In addition, advances in radar technology combined with the expansion of surface observations and spotter networks relaying near realtime storm report information, has leveled the playing field with mother nature and will certainly save lives in future outbreaks. No destruction in Fort Wayne, but I know there was damage south of Fort Wayne. The personnel at the FT. Wayne Weather Bureau Office did as well as well as could be expected with its warnings with the tools provided at the time. The Weather Wire, which fed forecasts, warnings, etc, to the news media, operated at 60 wpm, or was it 75? Mon. Her 2 story house, barn and outbuildings were all flattened. Not by a long shot. As one of the cottages was blown to pieces, the man inside was lifted into the air and thrown to his death 600 feet away. Paul was sifting through the warnings when the editor told him to grab his camera and go out to document the extreme conditions. Fire Gwen's Father and 2 brothers and she survived. The path width was 30 yards, and the path length was 1 mile. Mon. We lived in Greentown and I especially remember playing outside that day in the afternoon. Wea. Pretty wild. But because Fort Wayne had their own City Utilities at that time, the schools still had power. As the Manitou Beach Tornado was just crossing the Michigan/Indiana line, hail two inches in diameter -- about the size of a hen's egg -- was battering Lafayette, Indiana. Fathers were pointing to the sky and telling their sons how to read the clouds. This major severe weather event sparked my interest in meteorology from this time on. Indianapolis National Weather Service, Ron Przybylinski: I experienced this terrible severe weather event day in the South Bend Indiana area. The Toledo tornado was never warned for. "What do you mean, what is going on, I've been asleep!" Partly cloudy. Sometime in the late afternoon we went to visit my uncle and aunt who lived on Alto Road just a mile or so west of Kokomo. When it reached the opposite shore of the lake, a second tornado formed just five miles to the southwest near Kinderhook. Rescue crews arrived almost immediately from Elkhart and Goshen to tend to the hurt. The tornado rose back into the clouds just two minutes later. One home was destroyed and several others were damaged in Brunswick. Chance of rain 70 percent. Analysis of the 7 am surface chart showed a large red "L" drawn just about on the center of the map. The Michigan tornadoes were weaker; mostly doing F2 damage. I don't remember seeing the destruction, only from the papers. Weather Events Page. We went down the basement after this. Peter C. Banacos and Michael L. Ekster, 2010: The association of the elevated mixed layer with significant severe weather events in the northeastern united states*. Critical fire weather conditions are forecast today over the southern High Plains and a portion of New England. Hold the line a minute for a definite report on tornado at Berne. But my late father during that time worked for General Telephone, he went to help those in need. A telephone repair facility was destroyed as well. Several homes and other buildings were destroyed or damaged. 8), with 0-6 km bulk wind shear in excess of 45 m s-1 (Fig. Weather History The funnel swirled directly down Main Street in Wyatt, and destroyed twenty homes. We were OK. It was scattered storms and not a continuous line of storms. One massive tornado just a couple of hundred feet behind another massive tornado, they charged northeast in tandem in front of Paul's lens. That's when the Markland Mall was still a field. As it hit Linn Grove, the weather office in Fort Wayne issued the following statement: The Weather Bureau radar at Baer Field shows a strong hook echo about five miles west of Berne Indiana and moving eastward. 3. A dozen trailers were destroyed at a sales lot in Dumontville. I have been told by several people to contact you about this. Please Contact Us. Highs around 60. Friends lost their homes. 9), both of which were exceptional values for anytime of the year. Driving up the lane we could see there was a 2x4 sticking out of a huge rock on their property and several farm equipment machines turned upside down like toys, windmill twisted and bent in half and the barn was missing three sides and the roof, dad mentioned at the time he couldn't figure out how it had left 1 wall standing. Didn't know there was a tornado coming. The storm continued on and devastated the tiny community of Island Lake, killing one more person before it lifted a few minutes later. I always remembered this and often commented in spotter talks that if you are going to be hit by and EF4, pray it is an EF5 and you won't have the cleanup costs. Northwest winds 10 to 15 mph. They argued about whether to turn the car around and go back to Plymouth. Mostly cloudy with a 50 percent chance of showers. The church folded and collapsed upon them, burying over two dozen people in the rubble. We were fortunate that the tornado stayed north of us but the devastation afterward was immense. Then the Panorama Shopping Center was blown down, and almost immediately was converged upon by looters. Perhaps Weather Bureau meteorologists were hesitant to use faster storm speeds given their uncommon occurrence. Within seconds of reaching ground it blew into a community of nine hundred souls known as Russiaville. 2010). COOP There were no lights in the officeâ?¦the only lights were from a couple of teletype machine that Arnie had powered up. Falling trees damaged some homes and two others lost their roofs. Note how rapidly the warm front mixed northward by afternoon. I remember the car rocking in the wind. Residents of the area often drove by the construction site, and the progress of the new school was a common topic of conversation. My father and other uncle were volunteers helping the emergency rescuers. (2010) found in the April 3-4, 1974 Super Outbreak. Curt Parsons: My mom and dad huddled my sisters and I like a group of little chicks in the basement of our farm hose as a twister roared past just 1/4 mile south . Also picked up tennis ball size hail and put it in the freezer. We have had numerous poor joke calls and they tie up the lines. Forecasting, 25, 1082-1102. I was age 11 and remembered this day quite well. The day was going to be busy, it was apparent right from the start. One tornado just before it was about to enter the city of Hillsdale made a slight right turn and just missed city ended up hitting Baw Beese Lake and summer cottage. They gathered their families, maybe a flashlight or a few candles, and hurried into their basements and storm cellars in a state of controlled urgency. As it approached the road about half a mile in front of him, it grew to such a massive size that it took up much of the frame. Whole factories gone. Branch, Hillsdale, Lenawee, Monroe, Washtenaw. At 3:50pm a tornado was born over Druce Lake in central Lake County, Illinois. Damage to a firehall and lumberyard. The unique intensity of the weather system in the Midwest that Palm Sunday was about to be demonstrated ten minutes later as an unusual event began to take shape in the northwest corner of Steuben County, near the community of Orland, Indiana. The parent thunderstorm proceeded on to the east, and after only about ten minutes decided to put down another tornado, along the same path. Dad used to own 1 of the mobile home parks around Goshen and was afraid it was ours that was destroyed. It created a very bad public relations period for the I & M customers, and there was pressure to convert the whole city to City power and light as it took months for the city to fully recover its power. City Power and Light generated their electricity locallyâ?¦those customers did not lose power. The gym was where students went during tornado drills. Unseasonably warm with lows in the upper 50s. The warm sector airmass immediately to the southeast of the surface cyclone became very unstable especially along and near the warm front and ahead of the cold front where forcing for ascent was maximized. It was a spinning mass of black cloud dragging itself along the earth. Showers with a slight chance of thunderstorms in the morning, then showers likely with a chance of thunderstorms in the afternoon. It then came upon Wisconsin Route 16, where two cars were heading west towards Watertown. 4 April 11, 1965 12Z 850 mb Height/Theta/RH, Fig. Friends and I had attended Saturday night a dance in one of the northwest Ohio towns that regularly held public dances. The horror finally lifted back into the sky in the northwest corner of Lagrange County near Stone Lake. The Fort Wayne office had no idea that an F4 tornado had already been on the ground for twenty-five miles in Grant County, and for thirty-five miles before it finally reached Berne. Crisp, D. W. Burgess, J. The science of forecasting has progressed considerably since 1965. Barns were also destroyed. The April 11-12th 1965 Tornado outbreak across the upper Midwest and Great Lakes marked a watershed moment in weather history. He said they looked like match boxes in the air. Done with its brief nap, the storm system woke up with renewed vigor shortly before 6pm. Highs in the lower 70s. I wish I had pictures but I don't. CoCoRaHS Dad was taking my sister after first storm to her moms near pittsford. Twenty-five were killed. Also, these thunderstorms and heavy rain may produce flooding from Texas to the Ohio Valley. Mostly cloudy with showers likely with a chance of thunderstorms in the evening, then partly cloudy after midnight. Satellite, Climate Church was at the corner of Oakridge and 3rd in Goshen at the time came the my dad and uncle came up stairs and told the Pastor to get everyone in the basement dad and uncle went outside to spot they saw the double tornado and so did I standing behind them I said holy shit and then they knew I was there they dragged me in side to the basement. The South Bend weather office issued several products during the day's eighteenth hour describing the locations of the tornadoes swarming through the area. Seven minutes after the Jefferson County tornado touched down, another tornado reached earthward in McHenry County, Illinois. Faint thunder was heard stirring in the distance. Quote from Robert Burch - Survivor of the Coldwater Lake, MI F4 Tornado. Though it was apparent to most meteorologists that the weather on that eleventh day of April was going to be much more dangerous than usual, nobody imagined that the Lowden tornado would be the first of thirty-nine twisters to tear up the Midwestern landscape over the course of the afternoon and evening. Partly cloudy with a 50 percent chance of showers. Looked like a war zone. In the other direction, a cold front dropped south to the Ozarks and then southwestward to the Big Bend region of Texas. The tornado started in Bulls Bridge then lifted over South Kent. The old WSR-3 radar displayed a prominent hook as the tornado approached Berne, IN. As the tornado pushed across the edge of town, it caused near-F5 damage in the Creekside Addition as fifty homes were razed. For the first half of its life it chewed through the farmland and forests of Jefferson County. While the South Bend observer was sending that statement, an F4 tornado started satisfying its appetite in Grand Rapids, Michigan, where it ruined the property and lives of many residents. WSR-88D I had gotten much less than a full night's sleep. I was sad to here about everyone that had lost their lives. CNN's … The people in the VA Hospital in Marion had heard that a tornado was charging through Grant County, though they didn't know for sure if it was going to hit Marion or not. A few miles further along, the tornado became a mile-wide wedge that devastated a hundred homes in Alto, where the Maple Crest Apartments lost their entire second floor. Watch/Warning It moved to just north of Gurnee, crossing Interstate 94, producing F2 damage. The tornado that wreaked havoc at Koontz Lake was huge and grey by the time it reached US Route 31 between LaPaz and Lakeville. Lost water and electricity for many days. 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